[译伦敦自由旬报]
汝非
谁人负责任乎。自血洪水突然猝然泛滥欧罗巴之全部。吾人从各方面听之。皆此相同之问题也。
各国对於此问题。明明各有特别之答题在。各地之治人者。皆委於仇雠。本报既以制造“公论”为天职。不能不考查而详论之。彼凯撒（德皇）宣言曰。在欧罗巴独有一人焉。永远播布以保全和平於各国之中。其人即彼也。驱彼而启衅者。为德意志诸仇人耳。由英吉利与法兰西别一方面观之。则曰凯撒为欧罗巴之“颠狗”。终古障碍与蹂躏欧罗巴人民之和平睦谊者。惟彼一个人而已。至於沙（俄皇）俄罗斯自由之血腕侩子手。变俄罗斯国土为一大墓地。且竟欲消灭彼专制人民最后愿望於血海之中。则曰此为神圣之战也。正谊之战争也。所以保险欧罗巴幸福与安宁者也。
各地礼拜堂之鸣钟。正以召集敬神之耶稣教徒来。且相与联合彼辈人之祈祷。如此则神将毁其仇。而佑彼辈之军旗。惟是同一上帝同一教徒。同一福音经。且彼之建教者曾曰。爱其邻如爱一己焉。
真愧剧哉。而人民之无识与受欺何其深也。此种无量无边之骗局。与夫彼专制者明目张胆之阴谋。如此等人民。皆将不见之。或竟不能见之矣。
汝问曰谁人负责乎。勿以负责任者根究他人。请根究一己。请向吾人咸为之牺牲者之可厌制度中而搜寻之。向国家资本的文明而搜寻之。夫如此所谓文明。乃从强权之力而组合者。乃从各国中寡廉鲜耻之扩张领土手段而成立也。
夫吾人曾寄生於战争之状态中。多年於兹。久矣。汝似尚未知之者。无形之战争。日日行於吾人优美社会上。汝乃不察。故汝等今日有真正之战争矣。当男女老幼大多数失业於工场之时。汝乃安默。故汝等今日儿子正丧命於沙场矣。同以一样威力。昔日夺汝等劳力之生产。驱汝等於饥饿且死。为少数之享有特权民贼与懒人增财而益富。今日即取汝等子弟生命以去。且压逼汝等执彼等人之枪竿。为彼等之关系而死。
一言以蔽之。汝平日不要革命。汝故今日有各国互相大残杀之战争。革命党人出现於汝等之前。汝等以为幻想者。梦中人。不可见诸实事之人也。汝之治人者。诚为比较上实行家矣。彼如雷之炮弹。鳞伤之尸体。及彼血河。告汝辈以彼等实行之结果。
谁人是受咎乎。资本主义与今日之国家。今之国家。资本主义之从兄弟也。汝自身且当受咎。因汝於社会上文化之大义置若罔闻。因汝对於为时未晚之秋。乃不阻止此次滔天大祸。
将来如何而准备於吾人耶。无一人能知者也。虽然有必然之一事。资本主义即战争。社会主义即各国间之和平而已。使凡生产社会将许一种少数特权民贼。专利彼等劳力之生产。且任其征罚盈千累万生民。入於无穷无尽之悲境中。许之任之之时期为如何长久。即汝等对於各国民各种族之间有如何长久之战争矣。巨大之财富。今日而操诸少数之手者。岂仅佣主工头取自工人寻常工商业中。乃各国乘间投机於世界市场。以猎取土地之结果也。以是之故。资本主义在各国。不得不增加今日国家之威力。不得不展发军国主义。以抵於狂妄之平均率。盖以为健全之武装。与集权国家。无论在何地。皆可为资本主义今之并吞的趋势之唯一保护人也。夫并吞主义无别物。不过据一己国家人民之工商业为其基础。以遂其展拓经济政策於他国耳。质而言之。军国主义为资本制度不可逃之结果。又为永永相争之原因也。
夫多数人民尚未能见此中之关连。相因而致。乃极不幸之事焉。且有许多人民。权度一国之文化。特赖夫军队势力与夫国中工艺表面的进步。此为平日所为之极大谬误之一者矣。德意志即示吾人以极良之比譬。彼国之国家的统一。自处属普鲁士无上的治权之下。依极端军国主义及万能之集权政策以为基础。曾何产出吾人所谓德意志之文化哉。且自其反面言之。此种统一。可证出其为真正平民文化之启发之大障碍。又常常压制德意志人民精神上能力。使屈服於兵厂军营级阶之下矣。
德意志文化之最优美种范。早已产出。盖先手军队的统系。与夫著名的统一见诸实力者。德意志高古之哲学。及德意志奇异之美术与文学。盖皆发育於彼国当分裂为诸小王国之时。其时尚未隶属於普鲁士为文化所厌恶之军国主义势力与统御之下者也。
如彼所谓国家统一。德意志变为一军人之国。所赢得者。无疑为德意志之资本主义。惟独於德意志人民之文化毫无与焉。自隶属军国主义之治下。德意志实与欧罗巴之智育发达以危险也。此次战争中胜者为德意志。在欧罗巴中种种自由行动。将受莫大之打击。即德意志人民自身亦然也。
一千八百七十年入寇法兰西之役。与亚尔萨罗伦之合并。是欧罗巴军国主义狂热发达之真因也。人皆知卑士麦克与普鲁士贵族。意欲如波兰之故事。而处置法兰西。其卒也卑士麦克与英利吉续订秘密协约。而法兰西遂逼不得已投身於沙之血手中。籍以保存己国之存在得如独立国焉。於此役之结果。妄气的恐怖思想。布满全欧。自由社会主义与革命进行之衰滞。而可惧反动力之凯旋。任於此反动力之下。欧罗巴人民正长太息饮痛於今日者。皆吾人所熟睹者矣。
今日之战争。极残暴罪恶之人类已出现。是仅为反动力最后之一字。亦即并吞之资本主义与军国主义。最后之一字焉尔。
此岂独在德意志为然。无论何地苟此等制度留存。而相同之结果将相沿不绝。而最良之宪法。与光荣自由之习俗。亦不能阻抑此种凶恶之终局焉。
“汝不能以议院之政策。而斗胜军国主义。”是言也。平民政治家约翰叶乐皮已宣言於四十年前矣。夫惟有欧罗巴人一番新革命复兴。乃反对此等人类死仇之唯一政策而已。
然而於此似有可望之事。今日之血祸。将能从彼人民深悉中而唤醒之。此切肤之痛苦。落胆之遭罹。或将造成一较深之感印。比革命者之言论而更强也。社会革命卒将进行於今日悲剧之中。残杀之军国主义。将被为此主义供无数牺牲者之血洗涤而消灭之。各国人民将联合反对今之资本主义。与其法制之血制度。而终也於自由社会主义之基础上。产生一种新社会文化焉。是殆可望之事者。
时哉不可失。虽有如何浩大之艰难起於吾人之前。而进步初期。切勿失其勇气可也。而吾人必为之先导。若到必要之时候。拚吾人之生命以赴之。为一新社秩序之凯旋。
Blood And Iron.
Who is responsible? Now, when the red deluge has sosuddenlyandunexpectedly surprised the whole of Europe, we hear on every handthesame question: Who is respousuble?
Evedently, each country hasitsownparticularanswertothequery. The rulers of every land throw the blame on their rivals, andthe Press, whose special concern it is to manufacture "publicopinion," makes the necessary observations and comments. The Kaiserdeclaresthat it was enemies of Germany who compelled himtowagewar, andthat he was the soleperdoninEuropewhocontinuallystrovetomaintain peace among the European nations. In England and France, onthe other hand, the Kaiser is the "mad dog" of Europe,theonlyonewho continually hindered and disturbed the peaceful relationsofitsown peoples. And the Tsar,thered- handedexecutionerofRussianfreedom, who converted Russia into a huge cemetery, andendeavouredto stifle the lost hope of his oppressed subjects in a sea of blood -he talks of a holy war, a Just war, in order to ensurethehappinessand well-being of Europe!
And in all lands the sounding church-bells arsOllingthepiousChristians to comeandunitetheirprayrsthattheLordshoulddestroy the enemy, andbless"theirbanners"ThesameGod! thesame Christians! the same Gospel, whose founder said,"Love thynighbour as thyself"!
What scandalous comedy! And how deep the ignoranceanddeceptionof the people who neither will nor can see this colossalfraud, andthe unserupulous intrigues of their oppressors.
Who is responsible? You ask. Do not lookfortheresponsibilityin others. Look for it in yourselves. Seek itinthecursedsystemwhose victims we all are; intheStateeapitalisticcivilisationwhich is based on arganised violence, on the shameful exploitationofall the nations!
You do not know, it seems, that we have been livinginastateof war for many, many years past; You have ignoredthewarthatisbeing waged daily in our beautiful soeiety, thereforeyounowhaveareal war. You were silent when men, women, and children fell ingreatnumbers upon the industrial field, therefore younowseeyoursonsfalling on the battlefield. For the same powers that deprivedyouofthe fruits of your labour, and compelled you by hunger andstarvationto create riches foraminority of privileged thievesandidlers - thesame powers will now take away the lives of your sonsandbrothers,and force you with their guns to die for their interests.
In a ward, you did not want the revolution, so you now have war -thewhalesalemurderofthenations. Therevolutionariseonlyappeared to you as Utopians, dreamers, unpractical men. Yourrulerswere more practical, andthethunderofcannon, laceratedhumanbodies, and rivers of blood now speak to you of theresults oftheirpractieability.
Who is to blame? Capitalism anditstwin- brother, themodernState! Your yourselves are to blame, becauseyouignoredthegreatdoctrine of anew social cuilture, because you wouldnotpreventthecotastrophe while there was yet time to do so.
No one knows what the future has in storeforus. Onething,however, is certain:Capitalism is war - Socialismmeanspeaceamongthe nations. So long as the producing classes willallowaminorityof privileged robbers to monapolise the fruit of their labour, andtocondemn millions of human beings to a state of eternalmisery, justso long will you have war among the different recesand notionalities.The immense fortunes that are to-dayaccumulatingwithinthehandsofafew do not arise merely from the usual explaitation ofworkmanbythe master ormanufacturer, butaretheresultofinterationalspeculations in the greathuntforthedomintionoftheworld'smarkets. That is whyCopitalismineverycountrywasobligedtoincrease the power of the modern state, and to developmilitarismtosuch mad proportions. For a strong military and centralisedStateistheonlyguaranteefortherealisationofmadernImperialistictendencies of Capitalism wery where.ButImperialismmeansnothingelse but the econcomic exploitation of other nations, uponthebasisof the exploitation of its own people. In other words,militarismisthe inevitable result of the capitalistic regime,andthereforethecause of ceaseless strife.
The gient misfortuue is, that the majority ofpeoplecannotseethe connestion, and many will gauge the culture ofanationbythestrength of its armies and its external technicalimprovements. Butthis is one of the greatest mistakes ever made. Germany offers usthebest instance for this. The national unity of that country,under thesupreme rule of Prussia, upon a basis ofextrememilitarismandanall-powerful bureaucracy, has certainlynotproducedwhatwecallGerman culture. On the contrary, that unity hasprovedthegreatesthendrance to the development ofatruepopularculture, andhasalways endeavaured to force the spiritual powers of the Germanpeopledown to the level ef the barracks.
The finest examples of German culturewereproducedbeforethemilitarysystemandtherenownedunitycameintobeing.Theclossical philosoply of German, her wonderful art and literature —allthat developed when the country comsisted of separate little kingdoms,and had not yet come under the influence and domination of Prussianculture hating militarism.
The so-called nation alunity and the conversion of Germany intoamilitary State have not doubt been a great gain for Germancapitalism, but by no means for the culture of theGermanpeople. Undertherule of militarism, Germany has become aperiltotheintellectualdevelopment of Europe, and a German victory in thiswarwouldbeagreat blow to every libertarian movement in Europe, ablowtotheGeaman people tnemselves.
The violation of France in 18.70, andtheannexationofAlsace- Lorraine, weretherealcausesofthecrazydevelopmentofmilitarism in Europe. It is also known that Bismarck andthe PrussianJunker class intended to make of France what has been made of Polane.To this end Bismarck carried on secret negotiations with England,andFrance was obliged to throw herself into the bloody arms oftheTsarin order to maintain her ixistence asanindependentState. AsaresultofthiswehavewitnessedthefrightfuldevelopmentofChauvinism all overEurope, thewealseningofrevolutionaryandlibertariam Socialism, and the trumphofthedreadreactionunderwhich the European peoples are groaning to this day.
The present war, the most outrageaus crime mankind has ever seen,is but the last word of this reaction, thelastwordofImperialcapitalism and the military state.
And not only in Germany, but whereverthissystemexists, thesame results will follow. The bestconstitutionsandmostglorioustraditious of liberty will not prevent their evil consequences.
"You cannot combatmilitarismbymeansofParliament. "Thissentence was already pronounced as far back as forty years ago byolddemocratJohanJokobi. AnewrevolutionaryrenaissanceoftheEuropean peaples is the onlymeansagainstthisdreadlyenemyosmankind.
And it is not unlikely that the presentbloodycatastraph e willat last awaken the peoyle from their indifference. Thebitterpainfearful suffering will perhaps make a deeper impression than the wordsof the revolutionaries. It ispossiblethatthesocialRevolutionwill be the last act in the present traged;possiblethatmurderousmilitarism will be drowned in the bloodofitsnumberlessvictems;that the people of the different countrieswilluniteagainst thebloody regime of modern copitalism and its institutions,andfinallyproduce a new social culture upon the basis of free Socialism.
At the same time the progressive elements mustnotlosecouragehowever great the disaster that has befallenus.Wemustbeanourguard, and if necessary, risk ourlivesforthetrumphofanewsocial order.
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